The first dual-mode tunnel boring machines: Earth Pressure and Open-face dual-mode. t possesses both earth pressure balance and open TBM excavation functions, making it suitable for tunneling in geological conditions that may include soft rock, hard rock, and complex strata. In the face of geological changes in the strata, it can switch excavation modes and debris removal methods, minimizing interference with concurrent construction and effectively reducing project risk.

The second Dual-mode tunnel boring machines: Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) and Slurry Balance excavation modes. In situations where the stability of the excavation face is poor or when dealing with highly water-saturated soft soil, soft rock, gravel, or heterogeneous strata, the EPB mode can be employed to improve the flow and waterproofing of the excavated material. Conversely, in scenarios with high ground water or strict surface control requirements, the slurry balance mode can be used for construction.